The misuse of microdoses of performance enhancing drugs like erythropoietin ( EPO) constitutes a major challenge in doping analysis. The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an every-2-week (Q2W) schedule of darbepoetin alfa.ĭetection of recombinant EPO in blood and urine samples with EPO WGA MAIIA, IEF and SAR-PAGE after microdose injections.ĭehnes, Yvette Shalina, Alexandra Myrvold, Linda Mann, J Kessler, M Villa, Giulio PalludanĪIM: Darbepoetin alfa has a longer half-life than epoetin-( EPO) alfa or beta, allowing administration at less frequent intervals for the treatment of renal anemia. These results could have consequences for the treatment of anemia.ĭarbepoetin alfa once every 2 weeks for treatment of anemia in dialysis patients The association between high IGF-1 and low Hb suggests that EPO and IGF-1 have an alternating role, dependent on GFR, in stimulating erythropoiesis. The existence of a circadian (mis)alignment of EPO, IGF-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was not found. A relationship between Il-6, TNF-α and EPO or GFR was not found. When divided based on GFR and Hb subjects with GFR 10-30 ml/min and lower Hb had the highest IGF-1 levels (p=0.02). Mean levels of IGF-1 were correlated inversely to mean levels of EPO (p=0.03). No diurnal rhythm could be detected for IGF-1, IL-6 and TNF-α.
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The presence of an EPO rhythm was not related to GFR. Although diurnal variations in EPO level were found in 15 out of 28 patients, the curves did not show a consistent phase. Circadian parameters of EPO, IGF-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in serum and were correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Hb, using Pearson correlations. The patients were stable, not acutely ill and they were waiting for a procedure, such as elective surgery. During 24 hours, blood of 28 subjects with various degrees of renal function was collected every 2 hours.
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The study population consisted of patients with various degrees of renal function, admitted to our hospital. The objective of this study was to characterize levels of EPO, IGF-1 and inflammation markers IL-6 and TNF-α, related to renal function. We therefore performed an observational study. Knowledge of possibly related circadian misalignment of the cytokines erythropoietin ( EPO), Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and interleukins (IL) however is limited. Awareness of other disturbed rhythms, such as inflammation processes, can affect the treatment of patients with renal disease. Circadian sleep-wake rhythm is disturbed in renal disease. Van der Putten, Karien Koch, Birgit van Someren, Eus Wielders, Jos Ter Wee, Piet Nagtegaal, Elsbeth Gaillard, CarloĬhronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of renal disease.
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The role of renal function loss on circadian misalignment of cytokines EPO, IGF-1, IL-6 and TNF- alfa in chronic renal disease. Adapun bagi masyarakat Jawa, simbol tokoh Rama memiliki dua fungsi utama. Kedua adalah fungsi legitimasi kekuasaan. Bagi raja simbol tokoh Rama memiliki tiga fungsi utama. Berkait dengan simbol ajaran, tokoh Rama dalam epos Ramayana Jawa mempunyai fungsi bagi Raja Jawa dan masyarakat Jawa. Tokoh Rama sebagai tokoh utama merupakan simbol paling utama dalam epos ini. Epos tua yang hidup di masyarakat Jawa ini pastilah mempunyai ajaran. Di Jawa epos Ramayana pertama kali muncul secara lengkap dalam bentuk relief di Candi Lara Jonggrang yang dibangun sekitar tahun 782 hingga 872 M. SIMBOL RAMA DAN EPOS RAMAYANA BAGI RAJA DAN MASYARAKAT JAWAĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Epos Ramayana merupakan epos kuno yang ditulis dalam tujuh kanda terdiri atas 24.000 sloka.